The key performance of distributed fiber acoustic wave sensing system based on phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (φ-OTDR) is mutually restricted, and there is a fading problem, which seriously reduces the reliability of the system. In order to meet the requirements of performance indexes of φ-OTDR in complex engineering field environment, a high-performance φ-OTDR based on Adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) and frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is proposed to improve the frequency response bandwidth, sensing linearity and strain resolution of the system. The experimental results show that, on the basis of improving frequency response bandwidth of FDM, AKF is used to estimate and correct the statistical characteristics of phase noise linearly responding to external vibration in real time, effectively suppressing the phase distortion caused by fading and crosstalk noise. The sensor linearity of the system is improved, the background noise of the system is reduced from -68.4 dB^2/Hz to -83.7 dB^2/Hz, and the strain resolution is reduced from 1.7 pε/√Hz to 0.28 pε/√Hz.