Sapphire is a crystal material with a melting point of 2045 ℃. It has excellent high-temperature physical and chemical properties such as high strength, high heat resistance, and high corrosion resistance. The single crystal sapphire fiber can transmit optical signals in the ultra-high temperature environment of more than 1000 °C. Optical fiber F-P sensors based on sapphire fiber is resistant to ultra-high temperature and intrinsic safety, and can be used in dangerous and harsh environments. Recent years, many scholars have carried out related research and developed sapphire fiber sensors for the measurement of temperature, pressure and vibration at ultra-high temperature. In this paper, the research progress of sapphire fiber F-P sensor is reviewed, and the work done by the optical fiber sensing and measurement technology research team of the School of Optics and Photonics of Beijing Institute of Technology on sapphire fiber sensing technology is introduced. Finally, the author analyzes and summarizes the research of sapphire fiber F-P sensor and forecasts its development trend.