The requirements of precision, speed and range of laser ranging put forward the performance indexes of high gain and high bandwidth for the processing circuit of laser echo pulse. Therefore, the CMOS integrated circuit structure design of high-speed laser echo signal is deeply studied in this paper. A new RGC transresistance amplifier was designed as the preamplifier, and an improved cherry-Hooper cascade was used as the voltage broadband amplifier to form the receiving path of the laser pulse signal. MOS_L technology was designed and added into the preamplifier to realize the parallel inductance peakization to expand the circuit bandwidth.In terms of bias voltage, the off chip power supply is used to provide voltage in order to make the chip have more advantages in speed and noise control. Based on 0.5um CMOS process, the performance of the designed circuit is simulated. The results show that the performance parameters of the improved signal processing circuit have been further improved on the basis of predecessors: The signal bandwidth of the signal processing circuit is 100MHz, and the response of the short pulse signal is 3ns. The DC gain reaches 141dB. In addition, the input impedance of the new RGC structure as the buffer input stage is only 117Ω, and the response amplitude of the output voltage is 1V. The design scheme of the whole circuit layout and the test and comparison of the simulation results are presented.